Viviendas asequibles: la historia de un propietario

“¿Cuánto beneficio es suficiente? Hay demasiados administradores de fincas y propietarios que están estafando al consumidor…”

Según la Oficina del Censo de EE.UU., en 2020 el condado de Kent tenía una población de 657.974 habitantes. De esa población, alrededor del 10% eran negros/afroamericanos, y aproximadamente el 8,04% de las personas se identificaban como personas de al menos dos razas. Aunque las personas de color no constituyen la mayoría de la población del condado, son las más afectadas por las infraestructuras y políticas inadecuadas del sistema de vivienda.

“Amo mi identidad racial”. El padre de Cathy LaPorte es irlandés y su madre siciliana-mexicana. “En la escuela me tachaban constantemente de ‘exótica’, y de niña me sentía como ‘otra'”. La infancia de LaPorte transcurrió en gran parte en Grand Rapids, desde un dúplex en Kentwood hasta su eventual hogar en East Grand Rapids.

LaPorte afirma que, para ella, la raza y la etnia influyeron en su visión de la vivienda en el oeste de Michigan, sobre todo durante su infancia. “Cuando vivíamos en East Grand Rapids, al principio vivíamos de alquiler. Era un barrio acogedor, con cuatro casas y muchos niños. Había un sentimiento de pertenencia. Cuando nos mudamos a donde viven ahora mis padres, fue completamente distinto”. LaPorte dice que la casa estaba en una esquina de una calle muy transitada, sin otras casas cerca. Señala que estar rodeada de la opulencia de la zona era a la vez asombroso e incómodo, ya que su familia no era rica y la casa en la que vivían era una casa muy conocida en East Grand Rapids. “No era fácil ser los niños pobres y en el instituto ya sufría racismo. A la gente no le gustaba que no fuera blanco”.

“Recuerdo cuando visitaba a mi familia en Grand Rapids y la estratificación de los barrios. Había barrios negros, hispanos y blancos y no había mucha mezcla”. Estar en espacios donde no había una mezcla de personas y culturas llevó a LaPorte a tenerlo en cuenta a la hora de planificar dónde vivir y tener una familia. Encontró ese barrio con una buena mezcla en la zona de Garfield Park de Alger Heights. Aunque la mayoría de los habitantes del condado de Kent pueden vivir en el barrio que elijan, incluido el tipo de vivienda, hay muchas personas y familias que eligen una vivienda que no está en el barrio que ellos elegirían, pero es lo que se pueden permitir. Para algunos, esto significa conducir 15 minutos más hasta el trabajo. Para otros, esto significa encontrar un empleo que no requiera poseer un coche y, por tanto, utilizar el sistema de transporte público.

Convertirse en arrendador

Durante los últimos 10 años, LaPorte ha lucido otro título: propietario. “En 2012, mis padres y mi entonces marido compraron juntos un dúplex. Ya estaba totalmente alquilado cuando lo compramos”. La propiedad en alquiler nunca ha tenido problemas para mantener inquilinos, y ser el casero ha tenido sus momentos brillantes. También hay momentos difíciles.

“¡Las llamadas de las vacaciones! Son muy duras. Cuando quieres disfrutar de una comida de Acción de Gracias con la familia y recibes una llamada de que hay agua estancada en el sótano. Si no tienes una empresa de gestión, todo recae sobre ti”. LaPorte dice que sus socios han hablado de recurrir a una empresa de gestión, y aunque eso puede llegar a ser una realidad, hay otras consideraciones a tener en cuenta para seguir gestionando la propiedad por su cuenta. “Una empresa de gestión puede costarte el 7% o más de lo que ingresas. Cuando compramos el inmueble, no teníamos tanto dinero. Como he sido el principal punto de contacto para los inquilinos, hay veces que me gustaría que una empresa de gestión se encargara de muchas de mis tareas. Pero me preocupa encontrar una empresa que haga las cosas al mismo nivel que yo”.

Parte de las funciones de LaPorte incluyen el desalojo de inquilinos. LaPorte recuerda que su familia pasaba apuros económicos a menudo, haciendo hincapié en poder pagar la hipoteca. “Esa fue siempre la máxima prioridad, asegurarte el pago de tu vivienda”. La primera vez que LaPorte tuvo contacto con el proceso de desahucio fue poco después de comprar la vivienda de alquiler.

“Era el primer mes que éramos propietarios y teníamos un inquilino que no podía pagar el alquiler. Habíamos enviado cartas avisando a todo el mundo de que éramos los nuevos propietarios y a dónde enviar su pago.” LaPorte dijo que lo hizo todo según las normas. Habló con el inquilino por teléfono para comprender mejor su situación e intentó llegar a un acuerdo para un pago parcial. Aunque en un principio el inquilino causó daños en la propiedad en respuesta a la notificación de desahucio, confirmó al tribunal que no podía pagar el alquiler y se marchó.

Lo que impactó a LaPorte en ese momento fue darse cuenta de que habían echado de su casa a alguien que había sido inquilino durante mucho tiempo. “Basándome en lo que sé ahora sobre la injusticia del proceso de desahucio, lo haría de otra manera”. Un plan de amortización, ayudar al inquilino a conocer los recursos disponibles y animarle a priorizar el pago del alquiler son algunas de las ideas que LaPorte trataría de emplear, afirmando que el proceso de desahucio sería el último recurso.

“Espero que un inquilino se mantenga en contacto conmigo y se comunique cuando surja algo, sobre todo cuando se trata de sus finanzas. He tenido algunos inquilinos que mes a mes tienen problemas para pagar el alquiler. Me hacen saber que pueden pagar la totalidad, pero que tienen que esperar hasta una fecha determinada”. Algunos inquilinos llevan habitualmente cinco días de retraso en el pago del alquiler. Es típico que un contrato de alquiler incluya que los recargos por demora se añadan a los pagos de alquiler no efectuados. LaPorte cree que, cuando los inquilinos tienen dificultades para pagar el alquiler, añadir recargos por demora no es una ayuda, sino un castigo.

Cambiar el proceso de desahucio

Según RentCafe, un servicio online de búsqueda de apartamentos, más del 50% de los apartamentos de Grand Rapids tienen un precio de entre 1.000 y 1.500 dólares, siendo el precio medio de 1.412 dólares. El tamaño medio de las unidades es de 879 pies cuadrados. Para las personas y familias que ganan 15 dólares la hora o menos, la capacidad de mantener una vivienda puede ser un reto. Los que ganan lo justo para pagar el alquiler, los servicios públicos y la compra se preocuparán por cualquier cosa que pueda empeorar su situación financiera. Una reparación inesperada del coche o una factura médica, y sobre todo una pérdida de ingresos, puede ser todo lo que necesita un inquilino para retrasarse en el pago del alquiler y provocar un desahucio.

Es necesario un cambio en el sistema de desahucios, pero ¿qué hará falta? LaPorte afirma que un “enorme cambio mental” forma parte de la solución. “¿Cuánto beneficio es suficiente? Hay demasiados administradores de fincas y propietarios que están estafando al consumidor”, ya que, según ella, un alquiler más alto para obtener mayores beneficios forma parte de una sociedad capitalista: obtener todo lo que se pueda. “Necesitamos más unidades en general. Somos un lugar deseable, pero la oferta de viviendas no ha seguido el ritmo. El perjuicio es para los residentes locales y de toda la vida, a los que se expulsa para hacer sitio a viviendas de alto standing”. LaPorte también cree que para cambiar de mentalidad es importante mantener conversaciones continuas con propietarios como ella. “Averiguar cuáles son las necesidades del propietario y qué beneficios necesita que no vayan en detrimento” de los residentes de la comunidad puede formar parte de las soluciones estratégicas para garantizar una vivienda estable y asequible.

More from Housing Kent

Grand Rapids’ Black homeownership rate stagnant, worst among 50 largest U.S. metros | MLive

Housing Kent seeks solutions for housing challenges in West Michigan, new report details next steps | WZZM

Kent County leaders using 7 projects to solve ‘astronomical rise in housing prices’ | MLive

Driving Directions

Fulton Lot Driving Directions: MapQuest/Google Maps Address 312 W. Fulton, Grand Rapids, MI 49504

From Chicago: I94 East to I196/US31 (Exit 34) at Benton Harbor. Take I196 toward Grand Rapids to US131 South. Take US131 South to Pearl Street exit (keep to the right of the onramp to US131 as this becomes the offramp for Pearl Street). You will then merge onto Mt. Vernon Ave. Continue on Mt. Vernon until you come to a light at Fulton St, turn left here. Under the US131 Overpass, the Fulton Lot will be on your right. Approximately 200 miles from Chicago. PLEASE NOTE: Michigan is one hour ahead of Illinois (EST).

From Detroit/Lansing: I96 West to I196 West (Gerald R. Ford Freeway) to US131 South. Take US131 South to the Market Street exit (keep to the right of the onramp to US131). Turn left onto Market from the exit. Turn left on Fulton. Under the US131 Overpass, the Fulton Lot will be on your left. Approximately 2 hours from Detroit, and 60 minutes from Lansing.

From Holland: I196 East to US131 South. Take US131 South to the Pearl Street exit (keep to the right of the onramp to US131 as this becomes the offramp for Pearl Street). You will then merge onto Mt. Vernon Ave. Continue on Mt. Vernon until you come to a light at Fulton St, turn left here. Under the US131 Overpass, the Fulton Lot will be on your right. Approximately 30 miles from Holland.

From Kalamazoo: US131 North to the Pearl Street Exit, #85B. Turn left onto Pearl Street and proceed one block beyond the US131 overpass to Mt Vernon Ave and turn left, in two blocks turn left on Fulton St. The Fulton Lot will be on your right. Approximately 50 miles from Kalamazoo.

From Muskegon: I96 East to US131 South. US131 South to the Market Ave Exit. Turn Left on to Market, and then Left on Fulton St. The Fulton Lot will be on your left. Approximately 45 miles from Muskegon.

From Northern Michigan: US131 South to the Market Ave Exit. Turn Left on to Market, and then Left on Fulton St. The Fulton Lot will be on your left. Approximately 150 miles from Traverse City.

KPI 3 — Homelessness

Map

Dora Ferrier Headshot

Dora Ferrier

Executive Assistant

Dora Ferrier proudly serves as the Executive Assistant to Eureka People. Her career has been characterized by substantial contributions in positions focused on enhancing organizational efficiency, relationship development, and community outreach. Dora excels in introducing change management initiatives, ensuring flawless project execution, and boasts certifications in both Microsoft Office and ChatGPT. She also holds a Teaching English as a Foreign Language (TEFL) certificate, leveraging her expertise to support refugees and non-native English speakers in their community integration efforts. Dora is a skilled public speaker, providing invaluable insight and assistance to child protective workers and law enforcement personnel in identifying signs of child abuse. Dora’s heartfelt mission centers around elevating the quality of life for underprivileged Kent County residents and promoting community empowerment as a catalyst for positive change.

KPI 3 — Homelessness

Cumulative Homeless Count

Source: Continuum of Care System Performance Measures (US Department of Housing and Urban Development)

About Rental Housing Affordability

An estimate of how much annual household income is needed to rent an apartment at a particular price.

Source: Housing Kent

Our Methods
We define housing costs as affordable if they consume 30% or less of gross household income.

About Typical Rent Costs

A measure of typical monthly rent for an apartment in the middle cost tier, defined as the 40th to 60th percentile.
Our Methods
The ZORI is published on a monthly basis. To calculate an annual figure, we take an average of the monthly figures.

About Homeownership Affordability

An estimate of how much annual household income is needed to purchase a home at a particular price.

Source: Housing Kent

Our Methods
We assume current interest rates, a 3% downpayment, and $500 in outside household debt.
Alex

Meet Alex Kontras, M.P.A.

Senior Director of Data and Policy

Alex Kontras is the Senior Director of Data and Policy at Housing Kent. Alex’s passion for housing justice, combined with his experience in public policy, housing crisis response, and data-informed decision-making adds immeasurable value to our team. Previously Alex worked with Public Sector Consultants, translating federal special education policy into data-driven collaboration tools for the Michigan Department of Education. Prior to that, at the Massachusetts Housing and Shelter Alliance, Alex managed programs in supportive housing, rapid-rehousing, and homelessness prevention. He holds a Master’s in Public Administration from Grand Valley State University and a Bachelor’s in Sociology from Calvin University.
Adisa

Meet Adisa Chaney, M.S.W.

Senior Director of Community Engagement and Equity

Adisa Chaney is the Senior Director of Community Engagement and Equity for Housing Kent. An experienced community organizer, facilitator, and thought partner, Adisa has worked extensively with politically and economically marginalized communities to build capacity and support residents’ efforts to effect change in their communities. He currently teaches at the University of Michigan and Eastern Michigan University Schools of Social Work, principally focusing on courses involving community engagement, grant-writing, and social work in and with communities of color. His work in recent years has included development and administration of several community projects in the metro Detroit area, as well as being responsible for the training and evaluation of community facilitators for foundation initiative. The initiative is a collaborative partnership with an area school district, focused on improving educational outcomes of K-12 youth in economically disadvantaged communities in and around Grand Rapids, Michigan. 

TIana

Meet Tiana Hawver, M.S.

Communications Manager

Tiana Hawver is the Communications Manager for Housing Kent. Tiana has over 15 years in marketing, public relations, and communications, including 10 in marketing and media. Prior to joining Housing Kent, she served as the Office Coordinator for the Dorothy A. Johnson Center for Philanthropy at Grand Valley State University for five years. Tiana is a gifted speaker and writer, and produced a documentary, “Reconnecting the Dots,” sharing her journey as an adult adoptee reconnecting with her birth family. Tiana has a Master of Science in Communication from Grand Valley State University.

Housing Kent Headshots Eureka 32

Meet Eureka People, M.A.

President

Eureka People has answered the call to lead as President of Housing Kent’s efforts to dissolve homelessness, increase affordable housing, and eliminate the shocking racial disparities in the housing system in Kent County. Prior to accepting this position, Eureka spent 10 years as Principal Consultant of her own strategy and facilitation consultancy specializing in systems change for nonprofits, foundations, and government. In this capacity, she developed strategies for a foundation initiative, facilitated the design of a school district’s nationally recognized attendance campaign and strategic plan, facilitated a nonprofit’s community development project, and facilitated another nonprofit’s board of trustees leadership experience program, among other projects.  She then guided the Housing Stability Alliance network to the building of a roadmap to address housing inequities and racial disparities. It was this that led to her being asked to apply to lead further housing efforts here in Kent County.

Eureka’s career before extensive consulting in Kent County included several years as VP of Finance and Operations for the National Community Development Institute in Oakland, California. She also served three years as Associate Pastor of Assimilation and Discipleship at Eastern Star Church in Indianapolis, Indiana. Before being drawn to humanitarian and nonprofit work, with a Bachelor of Science in Electrical Engineering, Eureka worked as a Project Engineer for Eli Lilly & Company in Indiana.

Eureka has recently moved to Grand Rapids and looks forward to getting to know her new home and to leading our community to greater awareness of and motivation to addressing and healing one of our most pervasive and limiting societal problems.

Eureka holds a B.S. in Electrical Engineering, M.A. in Theology.

Operationalizing the Common Agenda and Roadmap

With the release of the community plan in August 2020, KConnect completed the work that it had committed to accomplishing when agreeing to take on the project in 2018. The four co-chairs of the Housing Stability Alliance – Mayor Rosalynn Bliss, Chair Mandy Bolter, Lynne Ferrell, and Christina Keller – committed to moving the Alliance forward. However, without a backbone organization focused solely on advancing the movement, it lost momentum. It was apparent that it was necessary to quickly get a backbone in place in order to keep the work moving forward. After a series of discussions, KConnect agreed to partner with the Alliance co-chairs to temporarily take the lead to create a nonprofit organization that served as a backbone for the Alliance’s work.

The role of KConnect was NOT to serve as the Alliance backbone. However, we served as temporary support to launch the permanent backbone that became Housing Kent. Launched in February 2022, the new organization is its own 501c3 with its own bank account, bylaws, and five-year budget.

The Second Phase

We delivered a common agenda and roadmap that has created and sustained a movement to build systems between sectors and empowers lived experience to dissolve housing instability and homelessness for children and families from the landscape of Kent County.

The scope and agreed-upon purpose of the last six months of work is presented to the side. Creating an equitable housing system will not happen overnight. It will decades of hard work and dedication from the entire community. However, if 2019 was any indication that the Kent County communities share a passion for this issue, we are well poised to create change.

Scope

Recognizing the disparate overrepresentation of families of color among homeless populations, our work through June 2020 will be focused on creating a community framework that will reduce the disparity in our housing efforts over the next five years.

Purpose Statement

Increase access to quality affordable housing and dissolve homelessness in Kent County with an intentional focus on eliminating racial disparities among families, children, and youth and other data-driven priorities.

Getting Started: The First Twelve Months

In May 2018 concerned community stakeholders asked KConnect to bring people together to examine how the housing system is working, establish shared goals, and develop collaborative strategies to reach those goals with a focus on children, families, youth, and people of color. KConnect initiated its work in Fall 2018, KConnect began a yearlong process to convene organizations, funders, and other stakeholders within the housing and homeless system. Together we will develop a comprehensive community plan specifically calling for equitable outcomes for children and families.

This work was originally anticipated to be completed in December 2019. However, in October 2019, after careful consideration and reflection, the Board of Trustees approved a request from the Design Team for a six-month extension in order to create a more comprehensive community plan. During the final months, the teams will move into a collaborative designing phase.

Purpose Statement

The purpose of our work is to align and connect system-level interventions that address homelessness and increase access to housing. Strategies must be intentionally designed with the end user in mind and targeted to people of color.

Mission Statement

The mission is to increase access to affordable housing and decrease homelessness for families, children, and youth, with an intentional focus on eliminating racial disparities in Kent County.